منابع مشابه
Selection Bias
data in Haneuse et al. [1] . The risk ratio of dementia by exposure in the total target population is 2.0, and is the true association (there is no confounding in our simple DAG; fig. 1 ). Table 1 shows the expected distribution by exposure and outcome by strata of dead/alive under the following assumptions: half of the population dies; there is a risk ratio of death for the exposed compared to...
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Usability evaluations typically occur throughout the life cycle of a product. A number of decisions and practical biases concerning the tasks selected for usability evaluations can influence the results. A pervasive bias is to select only tasks that are possible to perform with the product under evaluation, introducing a subtle bias for the participants. One way to avoid this problem is to empl...
متن کاملFeature Selection for Case-Based Learning: A Cognitive Bias Approach
Experimental research in psychology, psycholinguistics, and cognitive science has discovered and examined numerous psychological constraints on human information processing. The tendency to concentrate on (a) present, rather than missing cues, (b) the current focus of attention, and (c) recent information are three examples. Short term memory limitations provide a fourth constraint. This paper ...
متن کاملAdjusting for selection bias in retrospective, case-control studies.
Retrospective case-control studies are more susceptible to selection bias than other epidemiologic studies as by design they require that both cases and controls are representative of the same population. However, as cases and control recruitment processes are often different, it is not always obvious that the necessary exchangeability conditions hold. Selection bias typically arises when the s...
متن کاملUncovering selection bias in case-control studies using Bayesian poststratifictation
Selection bias can affect odds ratio estimation in particular in case-control studies. Approaches to discovering and adjusting for selection bias have been proposed in the literature using graphical and heuristic tools as well as more complex statistical methods. The approach we propose is based on a survey weighting method termed Bayesian post-stratification and follows from the conditional in...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: BMJ
سال: 1996
ISSN: 0959-8138,1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.312.7039.1156a